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urban area, where there is more demand, increase EMU/DMU rakes

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urban area, where there is more demand, increase EMU/DMU rakes # Line Capacity (or) Section Capacity Compiled by: - S Velraj

Text of the circular

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# Line Capacity(or)Section Capacity									Compiled by: - S Velraj

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# Objective
At the end of the presentation, participants will be able to explain the line capacity.
Participants also able to describe the importance of the operating statistic i.e., Line Capacity which is other wise called as section capacity and ways to improve the same

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# Section Capacity

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# Expressed in three ways

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# MAXIMUM LINE CAPACITY
Maximum number of trains entered in master chart so that it is impossible to introduce even single more train on the section concerned.

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i.	After giving allowances for Permanent Way and Operational constraints Practical number of trains run in the section is found.
ii.	This method also known as “Effective Line Capacity”
# PRACTICAL LINE CAPACITY

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# ECONOMIC LINE CAPACITY
Optimum number of Trains run on the Section economically is Economic Line Capacity.

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# CALCULATION OF LINE CAPACITY

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# Charting Method

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# Charting Method

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# Formula Method
This method offers practical Line Capacity
(A) Scott’s Formula
To calculate Line Capacity,

Where ‘C’ = The Line Capacity
T = Running time of the slowest train over a critical Block section.
t = Block Operation time
E = Efficiency Factor.

![](Picture3.jpg)

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# Critical Block Section

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iv.	Formula to determine the number of trains in each direction on a single line is as follows:
The Scott’s formula is further supplemented by giving Values for ‘t’ & ‘E’

t = Block Operation time =     5”
E = Efficiency Factor =	7/10

![](Picture3.jpg)

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# Steps to improve line capacity

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# To Reduce the Running time[T]
1.	Reduction of length of the Block Section
2.	Provision of Class ‘C’ station, IB signals on Double Line 	wherever required.
3.	Easing the Gradient.
4.	Convert TAS to MAS
5.	Provision of simultaneous reception facility on Single Line.
6.	Provision of Common loop lines on Double Line.

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# Reducing running time

7.	Provide bypass lines short of Junction Stations, Major yards 	eg:- YPR, MYS & UBL
8.	Provision of Two Distant Signals.
9.	Twin Single lines where unidirectional traffic is more.
10.	Induct High Speed Locomotives, wagons (Air Brake Wagons)
11.	Adopting better system of trains working (Absolute Block 	System in to Automatic)
12.	Provision of Panel/Route Relay Interlocking at Station.
13.	Better communication system between LP / Guard / Station 	Master /Control.

### Notes:

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# To Reduce the Block Operation time[t]

a)	Convert token Block Instrument in to tokenless 	block instrument.
b)	Provision Block Proven axle counter / Track 	Circuit.
e)	Phasing out the Block Instrument by provision of 	Automatic Block System.
f)	Provision of L V C D ( last Vehicle Check Device) to 	know complete arrival of train.
g)	Automatic Route Relay Interlocking.

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# Increasing efficiency factor 'E'
1.	Timetable improvements
2.	Reducing disparity in intersectional running time
3.	Improving efficiency of staff
4.	Improved maintenance of loco, wagon, coaches, points 	and signal, telecommunication, electric energy 	distribution system etc.
5.	Provision of adequate number of loop lines with 	simultaneous reception.
6.	Effective train ordering

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# Increasing efficiency factor
7.	Run similar speed train in one bunch
8.	Advance forecast to yard, Interchange points, adjoining 	divisions/Railways.
9.	Constant monitoring
10.	Making use of all traffic facilities'
11.	Implementing 9 Hrs rule strictly for running staff.
12.	Goods time tabling
13.	Providing bankers/relief engine in time & Reducing cases 	of accidents.

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