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| Type | Commercial Circular |
|---|---|
| Topic | reservation |
assemblies: (a) Switch assembly (b) Lead assembly (c) Crossing assembly (a) It shall not be possible to take 'OFF' a Main stop signal or a Subsidiary signal,
1
IRISET Course
for
Chief Loco Inspectors
(CLI’s)
INDIAN RAILWAYS INSTITUTE OF
SIGNAL ENGINEERING & TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SECUNDERABAD - 500 017
2
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter
Number
Contents
Page no.
1
A. Basics of Signalling
B. Track circuiting
C. Axle counters
03-13
2
A. Signal Interlocking Plan- SIP
B. Route Relay interlocking-RRI
14-27
3
Electronic Interlocking
28-38
4
A. Points and crossing
B. Readings/Measurements
39-49
5
Signal Engineering Manual (SEM)
50-58
6
Data Logger
59-66
7
Automatic Signalling
67-75
8
Accident Case Studies
76-87
9
Kavach
88-97
10
Procedures to be followed During Failures
98-113
11
Important Parameters connected to S&T
114-128
12
Questions Key
129
3
CHAPTER - 1
Basics of Signalling, Track circuiting & Axle counters
Key Learnings from Chapter-1:
▪ Role of S&T Department:
▪ Need for Railway Signalling:
▪ Principles of Signal Engineering:
▪ Track Circuits:
▪ Axle Counters:
A. BASICS OF SIGNALLING
i. Role of Signal and Telecom Department in Railway Working
• To ensure safety in train operations
• To maintain train punctuality
• To boost railway earnings by increasing section capacity
• To enhance passenger amenities
ii. Need for Signalling in Railways:
Signalling in railways has evolved for the following purposes:
• Ensuring the safe operation of trains by securing their intended paths
• Handling an increased number of trains effectively
• Providing unambiguous and timely communication to the Loco Pilot for speed
regulation
• Enabling the Train Loco Pilot to depend on signal aspects for speed control
• Delivering timely information to the Loco Pilot for speed regulation
• Conveying information through signals displaying various aspects
• Interlinking multiple signals to provide advance information
iii. Signal Ensures
To ensure the intended path is clear:
• Physically clearing the intended path
• Securing various points along the path
• Closing level crossing gates
• Ensuring no other train is moving in the same path
4
Multiple Aspect Colour Light Signals
Stop Signal (4- Aspect)
Fig1.1: 4 Aspect Stop Signal
iv. Interlocking of Signals with Points and other Equipments
Essentials of Interlocking: Equipment’s provided for the operation and
control of signals, points, etc., shall be so interlocked and arranged as to
comply with the following essentials;
(a) It shall not be possible to take 'OFF' a Main stop signal or a Subsidiary
signal, unless all points in the route, including overlap and isolation (as
applicable), are correctly set and locked and all interlocked level crossings
are closed and locked against public road, and relevant tracks are
unoccupied by vehicles and clear for the line on which the train will travel.
(b) After such signal has been taken ‘OFF’, it shall neither be possible to
move any points nor unlock the route, including overlap and isolation,
nor to open any interlocked gates until the concerned signal is replaced
to 'ON' position.
(c) It shall not be possible to take 'OFF' any two signals simultaneously,
which can lead to conflicting movements.
5
v. ISOLATION-
means an arrangement, secured by the setting of points or other approved means,
to protect the line so isolated from the danger of obstruction from other connected
line or lines.
vi. Principles of Signal Engineering
Key Features:
• Failsafe feature
• Normal danger system
• Zero sighting distance
• One aspect, one indication
• Visibility from the place of operation
• Overlaps
• Operation-friendly design
• Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety (RAMS)
• Uniformity of signals
• Continuous visibility for the driver
• Independent block and yard Signalling
• Minimum signals on a route
vii. Fail Safe Design
Twin Purposes of Fixed Signals:
• Ensuring
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