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| Type | Commercial Circular |
|---|---|
| Topic | reservation |
inspectors in the Railway Protection Force of SC/ST candidates are relaxed as under Thus in a Cadre of say 200 posts where the recruitment rules prescribed a ratio of 50:50 for direct recruitment and promotion, 2 rosters, one for direct recruitment and another for promotion each comprising 100 points shall be drawn upon the lines of the respective mode rosters.
RESERVATION RULES **History of Reservation** More than 235 million men and women described as scheduled caste and scheduled tribes have been suffering for centuries as suppressed classes. They were denied of human dignity and were treated as bonded labourers. For several centuries the SCs, STs were subjected to discrimination among human beings and have been prevented from taking up education, entering places of worship etc. and subjected to exploitation and humiliation. They were treated as untouchable although they were utilised as labourers for the society. Thus, though SCs /STs were made to serve the society, they were denied equality with others. Therefore, were educationally, economically and socially backward in the society. During the British Rule the Government thought of giving some relief to the suppressed Scheduled caste along with Anglo Indians, by earmarking certain percentage of vacancies in Government services by the way of reservation. During this period there was no such reservation in favour of scheduled tribes. Taking in to consideration the very poor status of SCs and STs in the societies, When India attained Independence, the founders of Constitution made the following safeguards for the betterment of these communities such as- * Social, Educational, cultural and religious safeguards. * Political safeguards. * Economic safeguards. * Safeguards for public employment in Government services. Some of the important provisions laid down in the Constitution of India in this regard are listed below. ## **Article 14** Equality before law – State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or equal protection of the laws with in the territory of India. ### **Article 15** Prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, and makes special provision for the advancement of any educationally backward class or citizens or the SC/STs. **Article 16** Equal opportunity in matters of public Employment- 1. There shall be equal opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State. 2. No citizen shall on the grounds of religion, race caste, sex, decent, place of birth, residence or any of them be ineligible for or discriminated against in respect of any employment of office under the State. 1. Nothing in this Article shall prevent the State from making any provision for the reservation of appointments of posts in favour of any Backward Class or Citizen, which in the opinion of the State is not adequately represented in the service under the State. #### **Article 17** Untouchability-is abolished and it’s practice in any form is forbidden. Enforcement of any disability arising out of ‘Untouchability’ shall be an offence punishable in accordance with the law. Article 29 Protection of interest of minority: No citizen shall be denied admission in any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State fund on the grounds of religion, race, caste, language or any of them. Article 46 The State shall promote with special care educational and economic interest of the weaker section of the people and in particular for the SCs /STs and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. Article 335 Provides that the claims of members of SCs /STs shall be taken into consideration, consistently with the maintenance of the efficiency of the administration in making the appointment in services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of a State. Article 339 Provides for the control of the Union over the administration of scheduled areas and welfare of the SCs/STs, providing appointment of the commission to report or the administration of the scheduled areas and welfare of the SCs/STs, in the State. **Article 341 & 342** Empowers the President to declare particular castes, race or tribes as SCs/STs. It also empowers the Parliament to include or exclude any cast
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