No official Railway Board PDF has been traced for this entry yet. The text below was read from the document held in the library.
| Type | Commercial Circular |
|---|---|
| Topic | reservation |
| Currency | Currency not verified |
caught committing fraud is not an effective way to deter fraud.
2
COMMERCIAL APPRENTICE 2011- 2013 BATCH NO. 111260
PROJECT WORK
FRAUDS AND EMBEZZLEMENTS IN UTS, PRS, PARCEL
OFFICE IN INDIAN RAILWAYS
BY:
K.P.SENTHIL PANDIAN
RAVINSON KAPOOR
3
FAMOUS QUOTATIONS AND DEFINITIONS ABOUT FRAUDS
❖ “Where prescribed rules are provided”, Direct or Indirect
action, Knowingly or Unknowingly, With or Without
intention, Activities of an employee which results in
monetary loss or Loss of Image of an Organization is also
called as Fraud – KPS/CA/MDU
❖ In criminal law, a fraud is an intentional deception made for personal gain
or to damage another individual.
❖ Fraud is a crime, and also a civil law violation.
❖ A false representation of a matter of fact—whether by words or by
conduct, by false or misleading allegations, or by concealment of what
should have been disclosed—that deceives and is intended to deceive
another so that the individual will act upon it to her or his legal injury.
❖ Fraud is commonly understood as dishonesty calculated for advantage. A
person who is dishonest may be called a fraud.
❖ “There are three things in the world that deserve no mercy, hypocrisy,
fraud, and tyranny.” - Frederick W. Robertson
❖ “Fraud and falsehood only dread examination. Truth invites it.” - Samuel
Johnson.
❖ “It is possible that the scrupulously honest man may not grow rich so fast
as the unscrupulous and dishonest one; but the success will be of a truer
kind, earned without fraud or injustice. And even though a man should for
a time be unsuccessful, still”
-Samuel Smiles quotes (Scottish author, 1812-1904).
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❖ “Whoever commits a fraud is guilty not only of the particular injury to
him who he deceives, but of the diminution of that confidence which
constitutes not only the ease but the existence of society” - Samuel Johnson
quotes (English Poet, Critic and Writer. 1709-1784).
❖ Intentional action of a person to gain personal benefit causes damage/ loss
monetary or non-monetary to government or public. – Jayakumar
CCI/VPT/MDU.
❖ Violation of rules intentionally – Edward Williams CBC/MDU.
❖ Fraud is a kind of procedural irregularity committed with an intention for
certain personal gain. – R.Ramarathinam, DCI/TEN.
❖ Fraud means… citing any do’s against honesty with quixotic
interpretation of rules and procedures and its wavering adherence is either
willful or wantonly. M Manoharan, CPC/TEN.
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FRAUD TRIANGLE
“Honest men fear neither the light nor the dark.” Dr. Thomas Fuller
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What We Should Know About the Sociological Factors that Cause Fraud
The key to dealing with fraud is to focus on prevention. It is much less expensive
and more effective to prevent fraud from happening than it is to try to detect the
crime. By the time the fraud is discovered, the money is usually already gone and
chances are it will not be recovered. Furthermore, it is costly and time consuming to
investigate a fraud.
But if we can prevent fraud from occurring in the first place, we avoid all those
losses, and we save the time and effort of trying to reconstruct fraudulent
transactions, track down the perpetrator, and reclaim missing funds.
In order to prevent fraud, we must first understand why it occurs. What causes
people to steal from their employers or to "cook" the books? Most people would
say fraudsters are motivated by greed, but generally speaking, greed is not the
primary motivator.
To understand why employees, managers, and executives commit fraud, we must
understand the fraud triangle.
The Fraud Triangle
Most people who commit fraud against their employers are not career criminals.
The vast majority are trusted employees who have no criminal history and who do
not consider themselves to be lawbreakers. So the question is, what factors cause
these otherwise normal, law-abiding persons, to commit fraud?
The best and most widely accepted model
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